Solar panel recycling

The typical lifespan of a solar panel is about 25 to 30 years. During this period, panels are designed to maintain a high efficiency, with performance warranties usually guaranteeing about 80% output after 25 years. 

However, like all technologies, solar panels gradually degrade. Factors such as weather conditions, installation quality, and maintenance practices can affect their longevity. By the end of their life cycle, solar panels, although still functional, often operate at reduced efficiency, making replacement a more cost-effective option.

Even after reaching their designated lifespan, solar panels don’t abruptly shut down. They may still generate enough electricity to be beneficial for non-critical applications. Some property owners choose to repurpose these panels for powering sheds, greenhouses, or even backup lighting systems.

However, eventually, solar panels will reach a point where they no longer produce enough electricity to be viable. This is when responsible recycling becomes crucial.

Recycling solar panels involves several steps, each aimed at recovering valuable materials and reducing environmental impact. Here’s a breakdown of the recycling process:

• Collection and Transportation: End-of-life solar panels are collected from various sources and transported to recycling facilities. Proper handling during this phase is crucial to prevent further damage and contamination.
• Disassembly: At the recycling facility, solar panels are disassembled. Frames and junction boxes, typically made of aluminium and other metals, are removed first. These metals are then sent to metal recycling plants.
• Thermal Processing: The remaining solar panel modules undergo thermal processing. This involves heating the panels to high temperatures to separate the silicon cells from the glass and other components. The heat breaks down the adhesive bonds, allowing for easier separation.
• Chemical Treatment: In some cases, chemical treatments are applied to further purify the silicon cells. Acids and other chemicals help remove any remaining impurities, ensuring the silicon can be reused in new solar panels or other electronic devices.
• Glass Recovery: The glass from solar panels, which constitutes a significant portion of the panel’s weight, is cleaned and processed for reuse. Recovered glass can be used in the production of new solar panels or other glass products.
• Material Refinement: The recovered silicon cells and metals are refined and purified, ready to be reintroduced into the manufacturing process. This step is crucial for ensuring that the materials meet the quality standards required for new solar panel production.